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NOTES ON TAXONOMY AND BIOLOGY: Female M. salasi have an oval cuticular perineal pattern with unbroken smooth and fine outher striae and coarse strae in the inner portion. Dorsal arch is high and rectangular in shape. No evidence of lateral lines or interrupted stri ae at lateral line level. Males have aerolated lateral fields.This root-knot nematode has sedentary endoparasitic habits. Second-stage juveniles (J2) penetrate host roots where they establish a specialized feeding site (giant cells) in the stele. As J2 develop, thay cause root swellings and become swollen females. Females rupture root cortex and often protrude with the egg masses from the root surface. J2 emerge from the egg masses and migrate in the soil (Lopez, 1984).
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: This root-knot nematode is a tropical or subtropical species reported only in Costa Rica and Panama (Bridge et al., 1990).
HOSTS: This root-knot nematode is a pest of rice (Oryza sativa). Under field conditions, it attacks jungle rice (Echinocloa colonum) and Homolepis aturensis. Poor hosts are Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon and C. plectostachyus), Chinese sweet cane (Saccharum sinense), gama grasses (Tripsacum laxum), Guinea grass (Panicum maximum), millet (Echinocloa polystachya), pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens), signal grasses (Brachiaria rugolosa, B. ruziziensis and B. zuazilandensis), and other grasses such as Kazungula sp., Leucaena leucocephala, and Saccharum sinensis (Lopez, 1984).
CROP LOSSES: Decline and stunting of rice is reported in areas infested with this pest. No quantification of nematode damage has been published.
MEANS OF MOVEMENT AND DISPERSAL: Through root material, soil debris and infected bare root propagative plant material.
RATING: (VL) Taking into consideration the distribution of this nematode and the limited information on economic damage caused by this nematode, the risk posed by this root-knot nematode to the United States is rated very low.
REFERENCES:
Bridges, J., M. LUC, and A. Plowright.1990. Nematode
parasites of rice. Pp. 69-108 in M. Luc, R. A. Sikora, and J. Bridge
eds. Plant parasitic nematodes in tropical and subtropical agriculture.
Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
Lopez, R. 1984. Meloidogyne salasi sp. n.
(Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a new parasite of rice (Oryza sativa L.) from
Costa Rica and Panama. Turrialba 34:275-286.