Nothotylenchus acutus
(Khan, 1965) Fortuner & Maggenti, 1987
Photo Gallery- Utah iris

MEASUREMENTS
Females:
Poland, Tarnów (n = 5).  L = 654 (620-710_; oes. = 127 (114-133); ex. p. = 93 (89-101); tail = 73 (69-77); a = 30 (26-33); b = 5.1 (4.7-5.7)l  MB = 44 (43-46); c = 9.0 (8.1-9.8); c' = 6.0 (5.4 - 6.7); VA/T = 1.3-1.5; V' = 82 (81-84); V = 73 (71-75); st. = 8-10.
Poland, Fadom (n = 1).  L = 687; oes. = 134; ex. p. = 95; tail = 69; a = 33; b = 5.1; MB = 38; c = 10.0; c' = 6.1; VA/T = 1.5; V' = 83; V = 75; st. = 8.5.
Poland, Kucharki  (n = 5).  L = 726 (679-766); oes. = 123 (108-131); ex. p. = 96-99; tail = 76 (70-82); a = 31 (27-38); b = 6.0 (5.2-7.1); MB = 45 (43-48); c = 9.2-9.8; c' = 5.1-6.8; VA/T = 1.6 (1.4-1.7); V' = 82 (81-84); V = 73 (72-75); st. = 7.5-8.0.
Poland, Potaniec (n = 1).  L = 840; oes. = 148; ex. p. = 111; tail = 92; a = 37; b = 5.7; MB = 44; c = 9.2; c' = 6.4; VA/T = 1.4; V' = 83; V = 74; st. = 8.
Poland, Teodorów (n = 1). L = 646; oes. = 121; ex. p. = 95; tail = 71; a = 31; b = 5.4; MB = 44; c = 9.1; c' = 5.8; VA/T = 1.3; V' = 84; V = 75; st. = 9.
Poland, Kodrab (n = 3). L = 769 (695-845); oes. = 135 (129-144); ex. p. = 110 (99-126); tail = 79 (74-87); a = 33 (29-37); b = 5.4-5.9; MB = 44 (42-46); c = 9.4-9.9; c' = 5.0-6.0; VA/T = 1.4-1.5; V' = 84 (82-85); V = 75 (73-76); st. = 9.
Poland, Morgi (n = 1). L = 726; oes. = 131; ex. p. = 101; tail = 78; a = 37; b = 5.6; MB = 43; c = 9.3; c' = 6.3; VA/T = 1.4; V' = 83; V = 74; st. = 9.
Poland, Ruszkowice (n = 1). L = 767; oes. = 147; ex. p. = 104; tail = 83; a = 31; b = 5.2; MB = 41; c = 9.2; c' = 5.4; VA/T = 1.5; V' = 82; V = 73; st. = 7.5.
Poland, Puszcza Bialowieska (n = 3). L = 651 (559-798); oes. = 128 (108-165); ex. p. = 93 (83-114); tail = 69 (63-82); a = 32-36: b = 4.8-5.4; MB = 40 (36-43); c = 8.9-9.7; c' = 5.5-6.2; VA/T = 1.4; V' = 83-84; V = 73-75; st. = 8-9.
Poland, Btonie (n = 3). L = 743 (624-881); oes. = 122 (110-130); ex. p. 96 (84-104); tail = 79 (72-83); a = 35 (32-40); b = 5.6-6.2; MB = 44 (41-47); c = 8.8-9.3; c' = 6.2 (5.7-7.0); VA/T = 1.2-1.3; V' = 82-84; V = 73-75; st. = 7.5-8.
Poland, Goscicinou (n = 1). L = 636; oes. = 117; ex. p. = 96; tail = 69; a = 36; b = 5.4; MB = 41; c = 9.2; c' = 6.1; VA/T = 1.4; V' = 83; V = 74; st. = 8.5.
Poland, Dulcza (n = 2). L = 591, 606; oes. = 111, 114; ex. p. = 80, 85; tail = 56, 74; a = 29; b = 5.3; MB = 44, 46; c = 8.2, 10.6; c' = 4.5, 6.0; VA/T = 1.4, 1.5; V' = 80, 84; V = 70, 76; st. = 7.5, 8.
Poland, Kochów (n = 3). L = 839 (808-877); oes. = 140 (131-145); ex. p. = 103-104; tail = 86 (81-95); a = 45 (43-47); b = 6.0 (5.6-6.7); MB = 39-41; c = 9.7 (8.8-10.5); c' = 7.7 (6.8-9.2); VA/T = 1.5 (1.3-1.7); V' = 82-84; V = 74-76; st. = 9.
Poland, Puszcza Bolimowska (n = 2). L = 852, 995; oes. = 147, 149; ex. p. = 105, 112; tail = 96, 97; a = 34, 44; b = 5.7, 6.8; MB = 37, 38; c = 8.9, 10.4; c' = 6.6, 6.7; VA/T = 1.4; V' = 82, 85; V = 72, 77; st. = 9.5, 10.
Poland, Hrubieszów (n = 1). L = 808; oes. = 141; ex. p. = 112; tail = 84; a = 52; b = 5.7; MB = 37; c = 9.6; c' = 9.1; VA/T = 1.5; V' = 83; V = 74; st. = 8.
Poland, Studzienna (n =5). L = 1 000 (896-1 099); oes. = 137 (135-140); ex. p. = 110 (105-114); tail = 88 (78-98); a = 43 (38-45); b = 7.3 (6.6-8.1); MB = 41 (39-44); c = 11.3 (10.6-21.1); c' = 6.5 (5.1-7.6); VA/T = 1.7 (1.4-2.0); V' = 84 (81-87); V = 76 (73-79); st. = 9-9.5.
Switzerland, Thalwil (n = 2). L = 785, 905; oes. = 134, 143; ex. p. = 95, 102; tail = 82, 69;  a = 33; b = 5.1,5.5; MB = 38, 43; c = 9.5, 10.0; c' = 6.1, 6.2; VA/T = 1.3, 1.5; V' = 83, 85; V = 75, 76; st. = 8.5

Males:
Poland, Tarnów (n = 1). L = 655; oes. = 137; ex. p. = 93; tail = 87; a = 40; b = 4.8; MB = 41; c = 7.6; c' = 6.5; spicule = 17.5; st. = 7.5.
Poland, Kucharki  (n = 2). L = 604, 659; oes. = 118, 124; ex. p. = 84, 97; tail = 70, 80; a = 32, 36; b = 5.1, 5.3; MB = 42, 46; c = 8.2, 8.6; c' = 6.0, 6.2; spicule = 16, st. = 7.5, 8.
Poland, Puszcza Bialowieska (n = 1). L = 544; oes. = 112; ex. p. = 82; tail - 73; a = 35; b = 4.8; MB = 40; c = 7.4; c' = 6.5; spicule = 17; st. = 8.
Poland, Btonie (n = 4). L =  590 (526-692); oes. = 110 (105-115); ex. p. = 84 (79-94); tail = 72 (67-80); a = 34-36; b = 5.4 (4.8-6.0); MB = 42-43; c = 8.2 (7.9-8.6); c' = 6.0 (5.2-6.8); spicule = 17 (15-20); st. = 7-8.
Poland, Kochów (n = 4). L = 771 (719-884); oes. =  144 (140-149); ex. p. = 99 (95-105); tail = 86 (81-94); a = 48-51; b =  5.0-5.6; MB = 39-40; c = 8.8-9.0; c' = 7.5 (7.2-7.8); spicule = 17.5 (16-19); st. = 8.
Poland, Puszcza Bolimowska (n = 1). L = 982; oes. = 160; tail = 81; a = 50; b = 6.1; MB = 35; c = 12.1; c' = 6.1; spicule = 18; st. = 8.
Switzerland, Thalwil (n = 2). L = 694, 744; oes. = 129, 140; ex. p. = 104, 105; tail = 81, 89;  a = 37, 38; b = 5.3, 5.4; MB = 41, 46; c = 7.9, 9.1; c' = 5.6, 6.1; spicule = 19; st. = 9.

DESCRIPTION
Female:  Body slightly ventrally arcuate to almost straight when relaxed, more curved in posterior part.  Lateral field with four incisures, occasionally two additional faint lines could be observed at spermatheca level.  Cuticular annuli at mid=body about 1.2-1.6 um wide.  Head low, with one or two annuli usually 6-7 um wide.  Stylet cone about one-third of stylet length, size of knobs somewhat variable as the longer specimens have larger knobs.  Median bulb without lumen wall thickenings, mostly elongated, fusiform, occaisionally slightly wider than illustrated.  Basal bulb elongated, offset from intestine.  Excretory pore opposite posterior part of isthmus, 78 (67-87) % of oesophagus length from anterior end.  Vulva mostly within limits V = 73-77.  PUS length equals 2.1 (1.3-3.0) VBD or 36 (25-51) % VA. Post-vulval part of body 14.9 (11.1-22.1) ABD long (71% of females within 13-17). Body width at vulva 1.5 (1.3-1.8) ABD (68% of females with 1.5-1.6). Tail elongated conical, tip pointed, dull or rounded.

Male: Similar to female.  Gubernaculum 4-5 um.  Caudal alae length 2.4 (1.7-3.2) ABD; exceptional male with bursa 4.2 ABD long. Alae extends along 25 (12-41) % of tail length, mostly 18-30%.

HABITATS AND LOCALITIES
Most D. acutus examined were collected in cultivated sandy soils.  One population came from sand of the bottom of temporarily drying ditch. D. acutus was described from India;  many collections from Poland and one from Switzerland were examined.

DIAGNOSIS AND RELATIONSHIPS
The species is distinct because of four incisures, low head, stylet mostly 7.5-9 um, non-muscular fusiform median bulb, position of vulva (V mostly 73-77), PUS length (25-51% VA) and conical tail mostly 5-9 of ABD long.  Medium sized bursa and spicules 15-20 um long further contribute to species characterization.
    The measurements of D. acutus are similar to that of D. oryzeae and D. attenuatus.  The former needs to be restudied as indicated by Sumenkova (1975), but is drawn with distinctly clavate tail.  The latter differs from D. acutus mainly  by having very long basal bulb of about one-third of total oesophagus length, probably thiner (sic) body (a = 53-59) and much longer vulva-anus distance in relation to tail length.
(Description- Brzeski, 1991)