Genus Criconema
Hofmänner & Menzel, 1914
syn.
Amphisbaenema Orton Williams, 1982
Cerchnotocriconema Bernard, 1982
Nenocriconema Darekar & Khan, 1982
Nothocriconema De Grisse & Loof, 1965
Nothocriconemella Ebsary, 1981
Notholetus Ebsary, 1981
Paracriconema Ebsary, 1981

Photo Galleries:
Silver Falls SP, OR
Middle Loup River, NE
Bangtail Ridge, MT
Williams Prairie, IA
Barva Volcano, Costa Rica
Costa Rica passionfruit
Las Cruces Biol. Sta., Costa Rica
South Dakota Bearberry
UWA-Seattle, WA
Missouri iris



Diagnosis
Criconematinae.  Females 0.2 - 0.76 mm long. Annules 37-134, round or retrorse, with smooth or crenate margins.  Cephalic region with two annules; lip region elevated, with six pseudolips; submedian lobes poorly developed or usually absent.  Stylet 45-132 um long. Vulva closed, 3 - 21 annules from terminus.  VL/VB 0.5 -3. Tail conically pointed, or rounded.  Males with three or four incisures in lateral fields and a low bursa, which may be absent.  Fourth-stage juveniles with 8 - 18 rows of scales, each tipped with a pointed spine.
(Description- Siddiqi, 2000)

Type subgenus
    Criconema Hofmänner & Menzel, 1914

Other subgenera
    Amphisbaenema Orton Williams, 1982
    Nothocriconemella Ebsary, 1981
    Notholetus Ebsary, 1981

Criconematidae.
 Female: Body small to rather large (0.24-0.74 mm). Annuli 24-134; smooth or variously ornamented: i) finely crenate; ii) scale-like projections, if present, only on posterior part of body; iii) irregular plate-like coverings on cuticle over entire body (paradoxiger, shepherdae) or on part of annuli (lamellatum); iv) ruffled, ribbon-like ornamentation encircling annulus on anterior surface (giardi) or both anterior/posterior surfaces (psephinum); or v) cuticular fringe extending from posterior margin of annuli (brevicaudatum, giardi). Annuli of labial region smooth; usually with one annulus wider and clearly set off from next succeeding body annulus; occasionally separation is not distinct and labial region appears to bear two annuli. Labial region usually with six pseudolips rounded and projecting forward from first annulus. Stylet 40-132 um. Vulva on 4th-21st annulus from terminus, slit-like or completely closed by overhanging anterior lip. Tail conoid-pointed to bluntly rounded.
Male: Two to four lateral lines; bursa small, strongly reduced or lacking.
 Juveniles: Cuticle with scale-like cuticular appendages over entire body, usually with refractive elements or spine-like extensions at distal ends, arranged in eight to twenty-four longitudinal rows.

Species found:     at:
C.  permistum Sheeder Prairie, Iowa
C. sphagni Wisconsin

Species List

This genus included in the Criconematid Project

DNA Sequences Obtained
Specimen:            collected:
PassionI-01 Costa Rica, passionfruit
PassionII-molt Costa Rica, passionfruit
PalmLC1-01 Costa Rica, palm
PNID-214078 University of Washington Arboretum